References

Bio Balance Health trains doctors in assessing mental health symptoms and treatment response using biomarkers. This significantly improves the capabilities of current psychiatric care.

The use of conventional pathology tests is not common in the management of mental health. Yet, a very simple search shows there is extensive research between mental health and essential nutrients. Investigation of the need for these essential nutrients is not common practice in treatment of mental health symptoms.

Bio Balance Health has been actively involved in supporting and funding the following research projects:

E

Pyrroles as a Potential Biomarker for Oxidative Stress Disorders

by Brett Lambert, Annalese Semmler, Cristina Beer and Joanne Voisey
https://bit.ly/IJMS-PyrrolesOxidativeStressBiomarker

Dr Fryar-Williams’ work has developed an above 90% statistical probability of diagnosis of certain schizophrenic conditions by using a combination of biomarkers.

E

Biomarkers of a five-domain translational substrate for schizophrenia and schizoaffective psychosis

E

Biomarker Case-Detection and Prediction with Potential for Functional Psychosis Screening: Development and Validation of a Model Related to Biochemistry, Sensory Neural Timing and End Organ Performance.

Fryar-Williams S, Strobel JE.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27148083

E

Fundamental Role of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase 677 C → T Genotype and Flavin Compounds in Biochemical Phenotypes for Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Psychosis

This study demonstrated that Micronutrients can reduce violent behaviour:
E

Micronutrient Therapy for Violent Aggressive Male Youth

Jessica L. Hambly, MPharm (Hons),1 Kelly Francis, MBBS, FRACGP,2 Sohil Khan, PhD,1,3
Kristen S. Gibbons, PhD, AStat,3 William J. Walsh, PhD,4 Brett Lambert, MAppSc,5
Chris Testa, BPharm, BBus,6 and Alison Haywood, PhD1,3
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28481642

Epigenetic modifications may play a major role in schizophrenia pathophysiology:
E

Brain-specific epigenetic markers of schizophrenia

VLJ Whitehall, RM Young, J Voisey
https://www.nature.com/articles/tp2015177

The study demonstrated that patients who followed the program had an average of 2 days hospitalisation compared to 22 days for those who did not follow the program:
E

The Effectiveness of Targeted Nutrient Therapy in Treatment of Mental Illness

The following list of research studies is a glimpse into some of the research exploring the relationship between mental health and nutrients:
E

Database Analysis of Depression and Anxiety in a Community Sample—Response to a Micronutrient Intervention

Samantha M. Kimball, Naghmeh Mirhosseini, and Julia Rucklidge
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5852728/

E

The effects of vitamin and mineral supplementation on symptoms of schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Psychol Med.2017 Jul;47(9):1515-1527. doi: 10.1017/S0033291717000022. Epub 2017 Feb 16.
Firth J1Stubbs B2Sarris J3Rosenbaum S4Teasdale S5Berk M6Yung AR1.

E

Diet and Psychosis: A Scoping Review.

Neuropsychobiology.2018 Oct 25:1-23. doi: 10.1159/000493399. [Epub ahead of print]
Aucoin M1LaChance L2,3Cooley K1,4Kidd S2

E

Alterations of serum macro-minerals and trace elements are associated with major depressive disorder: a case-control study.

BMC Psychiatry.2018 Apr 10;18(1):94. doi: 10.1186/s12888-018-1685-z.
Islam MR1Islam MR2Shalahuddin Qusar MMA3Islam MS4Kabir MH5Mustafizur Rahman GKM5Islam MS2Hasnat A2.

E

Association between Lower Intake of Minerals and Depressive Symptoms among Elderly Japanese Women but Not Men: Findings from Shika Study.

Nutrients. 2019 Feb 13;11(2). pii: E389. doi: 10.3390/nu11020389.
Thi Thu Nguyen T1Miyagi S2Tsujiguchi H3Kambayashi Y4Hara A5Nakamura H6Suzuki K7Yamada Y8Shimizu Y9Nakamura H10.

This history of research in South Australia documents how Australian soils lack nutrients and how scientists discovered what to do to recover health of sheep and crops.

The analogy to human health should be clear yet the medical world dismisses these issues in mental health. The link to this paper is here to provide information for all.

Zinc:

E

Zinc in CNS: From Molecules to Behaviour. “Biofactors” 2012 Mar 31

Covered role of zinc in transcription factors, gene regulation, transporters, neurogenesis, neurotransmission, AD, Depression, Stroke, Epilepsy. This paper alone had 81 references

E

Zinc supplementation in Major Depression: A RCT. Iran J Psychiatry. 2013 June 8, 73—79

SSRI plus zinc is more effective than SSRI plus placebo in treating depression. This paper alone had 26 reference articles

E

Zinc in Depression, A Meta-Analysis: Biological Psychiatry: 2013, Dec15, pp872—878

Considered 17 studies in 1643 patients
Concluded:

    • Zinc concentrations 1.85micm/l lower in depressed patients.
    • The lower the zinc concentration the more severe the depression.
    • Low zinc levels are a marker of treatment resistant depression.
E

Do the Micronutrients Zinc and Magnesium Play a Role in Adult Depression?

Top Clin Nutr.2011 Jul-Sep;26(3):257-267. doi: 10.1097/TIN.0b013e3182260d86.
Dickerman B1Liu J1

E

Antidepressant activity of zinc and magnesium in view of the current hypotheses of antidepressant action.

E

The role of magnesium and zinc in depression: similarities and differences.

Magnes2018 Aug 1;31(3):78-89. doi: 10.1684/mrh.2018.0442.
Szewczyk B1Szopa A2Serefko A2Poleszak E2Nowak G3.

E

Do the Micronutrients Zinc and Magnesium Play a Role in Adult Depression?

Top Clin Nutr.2011 Jul-Sep;26(3):257-267. doi: 10.1097/TIN.0b013e3182260d86.
Dickerman B1Liu J1.

Magnesium:

E

Association between magnesium intake and depression: Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry: Volume 43, 2009

5708 patients. “There is an inverse statistically significant association between dietary magnesium intake and depression score”
There seemed to be a similar association with anxiety but not statistically significant.

E

Magnesium and depression: A Systematic Review. Nutritional Neuroscience, Vol 16, 2013.

21 cross sectional studies, 3 interventional studies, one prospective trial.
“A higher dietary intake of magnesium is associated with lower depression symptoms.”

E

Magnesium and depression.

Magnes2016 Mar 1;29(3):112-119.
Serefko A1Szopa A1Poleszak E1.

E

Do the Micronutrients Zinc and Magnesium Play a Role in Adult Depression?

Mg-Intro..NMDA.. Top Clin Nutr.2011 Jul-Sep;26(3):257-267. doi: 10.1097/TIN.0b013e3182260d86.
Dickerman B1Liu J1

E

The Role of Magnesium in Neurological Disorders.

2018 Jun 6;10(6). pii: E730. doi: 10.3390/nu10060730.
Kirkland AE1Sarlo GL2Holton KF3,4.

E

Ketamine and magnesium common pathway of antidepressant action.

Magnes2018 May 1;31(2):33-38. doi: 10.1684/mrh.2018.0440.
Górska N1Cubała WJ1Słupski J1Gałuszko-Węgielnik M1.

E

Magnesium in addiction - a general view.

Magnes2018 Aug 1;31(3):90-98. doi: 10.1684/mrh.2018.0443.
Nechifor M1.

E

Dietary magnesium deficiency alters gut microbiota and leads to depressive-like behaviour.

Acta Neuropsychiatr.2015 Jun;27(3):168-76. doi: 10.1017/neu.2015.7. Epub 2015 Feb 18.
Winther G1Pyndt Jørgensen BM2Elfving B1Nielsen DS3Kihl P2Lund S4Sørensen DB2Wegener G1.

E

AR-A014418, a selective GSK-3 inhibitor, produces antidepressant-like effects in the forced swim test.

Int J Neuropsychopharmacol, 2004, 7, 387–390.
Gould TD, Einat H, Bhat R, Manji HK

E

Rapid antidepressive-like activity of specific glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitor and its effect on beta-catenin in mouse hippocampus.

Biol Psychiatry, 2004, 55, 781–784.
Kajdanovich-Beilin O, Milman A, Weizman A, Pick CG, Eldar-Finkelman H

E

Antidepressant activity of zinc and magnesium in view of the current hypotheses of antidepressant action

Bernadeta Szewczyk1,*, Ewa Poleszak3,*, Magdalena Sowa-Kuæma1, Marcin Siwek4, Dominika Dudek4, Beata Ryszewska-Pokraœniewicz5, Maria Radziwoñ-Zaleska5, W³odzimierz Opoka7, Janusz Czekaj6, Andrzej Pilc1,6, Gabriel Nowak1,2 Pharmacological Reports 2008, 60, 588–599 ISSN 1734-1140

E

Dietary magnesium intake and risk of depression.

J Affect Disord.2019 Mar 1;246:627-632. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.114. Epub 2018 Dec 27.
Sun C1Wang R2Li Z1Zhang D3.

E

Role of magnesium supplementation in the treatment of depression: A randomized clinical trial.

PLoS2017 Jun 27;12(6):e0180067. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180067. eCollection 2017.
Tarleton EK1Littenberg B1,2MacLean CD1,2Kennedy AG1,2Daley C3.

E

The Effects of Magnesium Supplementation on Subjective Anxiety and Stress-A Systematic Review.

2017 Apr 26;9(5). pii: E429. doi: 10.3390/nu9050429.
Boyle NB1Lawton C2Dye L3.

E

The effects of magnesium supplementation on subjective anxiety.

Magnes2016 Mar 1;29(3):120-125.
Boyle NB1Lawton CL1Dye L1.

E

Complementary and Alternative Medicine Treatments for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Adv Ther.2018 Mar;35(3):261-288. doi: 10.1007/s12325-018-0680-6. Epub 2018 Mar 5.
Barić H1Đorđević V2Cerovečki I3Trkulja V4.

Folic Acid:

E

Enhancement of antidepressant action of fluoxetine by folic acid: a randomised placebo control trial.

Journal od Affective Disorders, Nov 2000, pp121—130

E

Treatment of depression: time to consider folic acid and B12.

Journal of Psychopharmacology, Jan 1 2005
“There is now evidence of a common decrease in folic acid and B12, an increase homocysteine and polymorphism of MTHFR C677T being overrepresented in depressive patients”

E

Enhancement of recovery from mental illness with L-methylfolate supplementation.

Perspective Psychiatric Care: 2018 April 54[2], pp331—334

E

Folate in unipolar depressive illness, a systematic review and meta-analysis.

J Psychopharmacology: 2018. April:32 [4] pp377—384

E

Folate in depression: efficacy, safety, differences in formulations, and clinical issues.

J Clin Psychiatry 2009;70 Suppl 5:12-17. [Full text]
Fava M, Mischoulon D. 

E

The role of folic acid in the prevention and treatment of depression: An overview of existing evidence and implications for practice

Chrystalleni Lazarou a,*, Margarita Kapsou b
Harokopio University, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Athens, Greece
University of Cyprus, Department of Psychology, Nicosia, Cyprus
 
Article in Complementary therapies in clinical practice · August 2010
DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2010.01.003 · Source: PubMed

Pyridoxine:

E

Pyridoxine and the premenstrual syndrome: a randomised crossover trial.

British Journal of General Practice. 1989: 39[326] 364—368
Conclusion: There was a statistically significant benefit in depression, irritability and tiredness in the treated group.

E

Antidepressive effect of pyridoxine in neuroleptic treated schizophrenic patients with co-morbid depression

Harefuah [Israel] May 2001: 140 [5]; 369—373.
Conclusion: A subgroup of schizophrenic patients with co-morbid depression may benefit from pyridoxine added to their anti-psychotic treatment

E

B Complex Vitamin Patterns in Geriatric and Young Adult In patients with Major Depression.

Journal of American Geriatrics Society: March 1991: Vol 39 issue 3
Conclusion: A poorer status of B Vitamins is present in major depression.

E

Peripheral neuropathy with hypervitaminosis B6 caused by self-medication

Rev Med Interne. 2019 Nov 30. pii: S0248-8663(19)31146-4. doi: 10.1016/j.revmed.2019.11.003. [Epub ahead of print] [Article in French]
Malet L1, Dayot L2, Moussy M3, de la Gastine B2, Goutelle S4.

Vitamin D:

E

Vitamin D in schizophrenia: a clinical review.

Evid Based Ment Health. 2016 Feb;19(1):6-9. doi: 10.1136/eb-2015-102117. Epub 2016 Jan 14.
Chiang M1, Natarajan R1, Fan X2.

E

Vitamin D and depression.

J Affect Disord.2017 Jan 15;208:56-61. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.082. Epub 2016 Oct 11.
Parker GB1Brotchie H2Graham RK2

E

Efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in major depression: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

J Postgrad Med.2018 Jun 21. doi: 10.4103/jpgm.JPGM_571_17. [Epub ahead of print]

Vellekkatt F1Menon V1

E

Vitamin D is a potential antidepressant in psychiatric outpatients.

Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther.2018 Dec;56(12):585-596. doi: 10.5414/CP203309.
Abdul-Razzak KKAlmanasrah SOObeidat BAKhasawneh AG

E

Adjunctive Nutraceuticals for Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses.

Am J Psychiatry.2016 Jun 1;173(6):575-87. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.15091228. Epub 2016 Apr 26.
Sarris J1Murphy J1Mischoulon D1Papakostas GI1Fava M1Berk M1Ng CH1

E

Association of antepartum vitamin D deficiency with postpartum depression: a clinical perspective.

Public Health Nutr.2019 Jan 18:1-6. doi: 10.1017/S136898001800366X. [Epub ahead of print]
Szpunar MJ1

E

Non-cardiac Chest Pain and Anxiety: A Possible Link to Vitamin D and Calcium.

J Clin Psychol Med Settings.2018 Aug 27. doi: 10.1007/s10880-018-9579-2. [Epub ahead of print]
Alkhatatbeh MJ1Abdul-Razzak KK2Amara NA2Al-Jarrah M3.

E

Vitamin D in anxiety and affective disorders.

E

Database Analysis of Depression and Anxiety in a Community Sample-Response to a Micronutrient Intervention.

2018 Jan 30;10(2). pii: E152. doi: 10.3390/nu10020152.
Kimball SM1,2Mirhosseini N3Rucklidge J4

E

Vitamin D and probiotic co-supplementation affects mental health, hormonal, inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

J Ovarian Res.2019 Jan 21;12(1):5. doi: 10.1186/s13048-019-0480-x.
Ostadmohammadi V1Jamilian M2Bahmani F1Asemi Z3

E

Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Adult Outpatients With Bipolar Disorder or Schizophrenia.

E

Vitamin D and the omega-3 fatty acids control serotonin synthesis and action, part 2: relevance for ADHD, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and impulsive behavior.

FASEB J.2015 Jun;29(6):2207-22. doi: 10.1096/fj.14-268342. Epub 2015 Feb 24.
Patrick RP1Ames BN1

E

Hypovitaminosis D is associated with depression and anxiety in schizophrenia: Results from the national FACE-SZ cohort.

Psychiatry Res.2018 Dec;270:104-110. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.09.024. Epub 2018 Sep 13.
Fond G1Godin O2Schürhoff F et al

E

Vitamin D Supplementation in Chronic Schizophrenia Patients Treated with Clozapine: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial.

EBioMedicine.2017 Dec;26:138-145. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.11.027. Epub 2017 Dec 2.
Krivoy A1Onn R2Vilner Y3, et al

E

Hypovitaminosis D is associated with negative symptoms, suicide risk, agoraphobia, impaired functional remission, and antidepressant consumption in schizophrenia.

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci.2018 Aug 4. doi: 10.1007/s00406-018-0932-0. [Epub ahead of print]
Fond G1,2,3Faugere M4,5,6Faget-Agius C4,5,6,et al

E

Hypovitaminosis D is associated with depression and anxiety in schizophrenia: Results from the national FACE-SZ cohort.

Psychiatry Res.2018 Dec;270:104-110. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.09.024. Epub 2018 Sep 13.
Fond G1Godin O2Schürhoff F et al

E

Vitamin D Supplementation in Chronic Schizophrenia Patients Treated with Clozapine: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial.

EBioMedicine.2017 Dec;26:138-145. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.11.027. Epub 2017 Dec 2.
Krivoy A1Onn R2Vilner Y3, et al

E

Association Between Vitamin D Insufficiency and Metabolic Syndrome in Patients With Psychotic Disorders.

Psychiatry Investig.2018 Apr;15(4):396-401. doi: 10.30773/pi.2017.08.30. Epub 2018 Feb 28.
Yoo T1Choi W2Hong JH3Lee JY1,3,4Kim JM1Shin IS1Yang SJ5Amminger P6Berk M6,7Yoon JS1Kim SW1,3,4

E

The association between neonatal vitamin D status and risk of schizophrenia.

Sci Rep.2018 Dec 6;8(1):17692. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-35418-z.
Eyles DW1,2Trzaskowski M3Vinkhuyzen AAE3, et al

E

Vitamin D in schizophrenia: a clinical review.

Evid Based Ment Health. 2016 Feb;19(1):6-9. doi: 10.1136/eb-2015-102117. Epub 2016 Jan 14.
Chiang M1, Natarajan R1, Fan X2.

E

Vitamin D levels, brain volume, and genetic architecture in patients with psychosis.

PLoS2018 Aug 24;13(8):e0200250. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200250. eCollection 2018.
Berg AO1,2Jørgensen KN1,3Nerhus  M et al

E

Vitamin D and clinical symptoms in First Episode Psychosis (FEP): A prospective cohort study.

Schizophr2018 Aug 25. pii: S0920-9964(18)30503-6. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.08.011. [Epub ahead of print]
Lally J1Ajnakina O2Singh N3Gardner-Sood P4Stubbs B5Stringer D6Di Forti M7David AS8Smith S9Murray RM10Howes OD11Gaughran F12.

E

C-Reactive Protein as a Peripheral Biomarker in Schizophrenia. An Updated Systematic Review.

Front Psychiatry.2018 Aug 23;9:392. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00392. eCollection 2018.
Fond G1Lançon C1Auquier P1Boyer L1

E

Upregulation of vitamin D-related genes in schizophrenic patients.

Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat.2018 Oct 9;14:2583-2591. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S176301. eCollection 2018.
Asadzadeh Manjili F1Kalantar SM2Arsang-Jang S3Ghafouri-Fard S4Taheri M4,5Sayad A4

E

Inflammatory biomarkers in psychosis and clinical high risk populations.

Schizophr Res. 2018 Nov 8. pii: S0920-9964(18)30619-4. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.10.017.

[Epub ahead of print]
Delaney S1Fallon B2Alaedini A3Yolken R4Indart A3Feng T5Wang Y5Javitt D2.

E

The Role of Vitamin D in Brain Health: A Mini Literature Review.

Cureus.2018 Jul 10;10(7):e2960. doi: 10.7759/cureus.2960.
Anjum I1Jaffery SS2Fayyaz M3Samoo Z4Anjum S5

E

Vitamin D, Folate and the Intracranial Volume in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder and Healthy Controls.

Sci Rep.2018 Jul 17;8(1):10817. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-29141-y.
Gurholt TP1,2Osnes K3Nerhus M4,5Jørgensen KN4,3Lonning V4,3Berg AO4,6Andreassen OA4,6Melle I4,6Agartz I4,3,7

E

Bipolar disorder in youth is associated with increased levels of vitamin D-binding protein.

Transl2018 Mar 13;8(1):61. doi: 10.1038/s41398-018-0109-7.
Petrov B1Aldoori A1James C2Yang K1,3Algorta GP4Lee A1Zhang L2Lin T5Awadhi RA6Parquette JR5Samogyi A2Arnold LE7Fristad MA7Gracious B7,8Ziouzenkova O9

E

Exploring the relationship between vitamin D and mania: correlations between serum vitamin D levels and disease activity.

Nord J Psychiatry.2018 Apr;72(3):221-225. doi: 10.1080/08039488.2018.1424238. Epub 2018 Jan 7.
Altunsoy N1Yüksel RN1Cingi Yirun M1Kılıçarslan A2Aydemir Ç1.

E

Vitamin D3 Supplemental Treatment for Mania in Youth with Bipolar Spectrum Disorders.

J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol.2015 Jun;25(5):415-24. doi: 10.1089/cap.2014.0110.
Sikoglu EM1,2,3Navarro AA1,2,3,4Starr D2,3, et al

E

Micronutrient intake adequacy and depression risk in the SUN cohort study.

Eur J Nutr.2018 Oct;57(7):2409-2419. doi: 10.1007/s00394-017-1514-z. Epub 2017 Sep 4.
Sánchez-Villegas A1,2Pérez-Cornago A3Zazpe I4,5Santiago S5Lahortiga F6Martínez-González MA4,7,8.

E

Association between Serum Vitamin Levels and Depression in U.S. Adults 20 Years or Older Based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005⁻2006.

Int J Environ Res Public Health.2018 Jun 9;15(6). pii: E1215. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15061215.
Huang X1,2Fan Y3,4Han X5,6Huang Z7,8Yu M9,10Zhang Y11,12Xu Q13,14Li X15,16Wang X17,18Lu C19,20Xia Y21,22

E

Are plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and retinol levels and one-carbon metabolism related to metabolic syndrome in patients with a severe mental disorder?

Psychiatry Res.2019 Jan 3;273:22-29. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.01.005. [Epub ahead of print]
Arranz B1Sanchez-Autet M2San L3Safont G4Fuente-Tomás L5Hernandez C6Bogas JL6García-Portilla MP5.

SAMe:

E

Ethanol lowers glutathione in rat liver and brain and inhibits methionine synthase in a cobalamin-dependent manner.

E

Role of S-adenosyl-L-methionine in the treatment of depression: a review of the evidence.

Am J Clin Nutr.2002 Nov;76(5):1158S-61S.
Mischoulon D1Fava M

E

Excessive S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine-Dependent Methylation Increases Levels of Methanol, Formaldehyde and Formic Acid in Rat Brain Striatal Homogenates: Possible role in S-adenosyl-L-methionine-induced Parkinson’s disease-like disorders.

E

Effects of chronic administration of S-adenosyl-L-methionine on brain oxidative stress in rats.

E

Effect of S-adenosyl-L-methionine on rat brain oxidative stress damage in a combined model of permanent focal ischemia and global ischemia-reperfusion.

E

Role of S-adenosyl-L-methionine in the treatment of depression: a review of the evidence.

Mischoulon D, Fava M. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;76(5):1158S–1161S.

E

Folates and S-adenosylmethionine for major depressive disorder.

Papakostas GI, Cassiello CF, Iovieno N. Can J Psychiatry. 2012 Jul;57(7):406–13.

E

Evidence for S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM-e) for the treatment of major depressive disorder.

J Clin Psychiatry.2009;70 Suppl 5:18-22. doi: 10.4088/JCP.8157su1c.04.
Papakostas GI1

E

Folate in depression: efficacy, safety, differences in formulations, and clinical issues.

Fava M, Mischoulon D. J Clin Psychiatry 2009;70 Suppl 5:12-17. 

E

Homocysteine, folate, methylation, and monoamine metabolism in depression

E

S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAMe) as antidepressant: meta-analysis of clinical studies.

Bressa GM. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl. 1994;154:7–14. [PubMed]

E

S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine (SAMe) for Depression, Osteoarthritis and Liver Disease.

Hardy M, Coulter I, Morton SC, et al.  Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; Rockville, MD: Aug, 2002.

E

Efficacy and tolerability of oral and intramuscular S-adenosyl-L-methionine 1,4-butanedisulfonate (SAMe) in the treatment of major depression: comparison with imipramine in 2 multicenter studies.

Delle Chiaie R, Pancheri P, Scapicchio P. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Nov;76(5):1172S–6S.

E

Adjunctive Nutraceuticals for Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses.

Am J Psychiatry.2016 Jun 1;173(6):575-87. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.15091228. Epub 2016 Apr 26.
Sarris J1Murphy J1Mischoulon D1Papakostas GI1Fava M1Berk M1Ng CH1

E

Is S-Adenosyl Methionine (SAMe) for Depression Only Effective in Males? A Re-Analysis of Data from a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Sarris J, Price LH, Carpenter LL, Tyrka AR, Ng CH, Papakostas GI, et al. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2015 Jul;48(4–5):141–4.

E

A comprehensive review on the efficacy of S-Adenosyl-L-methionine in Major Depressive Disorder.

E

S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) as treatment for depression: a systematic review.

Williams AL, Girard C, Jui D, et al. Clin Invest Med 2005;28(3):132-139. [Abstract]

E

S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) as an adjunct for resistant major depressive disorder: an open trial following partial or nonresponse to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or venlafaxine.

Alpert JE, Papakostas G, Mischoulon D, et al. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2004;24(6):661-664

E

Adjunctive S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) in treating non-remittent major depressive disorder: An 8-week double-blind, randomized, controlled trial.

Eur Neuropsychopharmacol.2018 Oct;28(10):1126-1136. doi: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.07.098. Epub 2018 Aug 14.
Sarris J1Byrne GJ2Bousman C3, et al

E

Clinical use of nutraceuticals in the adjunctive treatment of depression in mood disorders.

Australas2017 Aug;25(4):369-372. doi: 10.1177/1039856216689533. Epub 2017 Jan 31.
Sarris J1

E

S-adenosyl methionine (SAMe) for depression in adults.

E

S-Adenosyl-Methionine improves depression in patients with Parkinson's disease in an open-label clinical trial.

E

Effects of S-adenosylmethionine augmentation of serotonin-reuptake inhibitor antidepressants on cognitive symptoms of major depressive disorder.

Eur Psychiatry.2012 Oct;27(7):518-21. doi: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2011.03.006. Epub 2011 Jun 12.
Levkovitz Y1Alpert JEBrintz CEMischoulon DPapakostas GI

E

Effects of S-adenosylmethionine augmentation of serotonin-reuptake inhibitor antidepressants on cognitive symptoms of major depressive disorder.

Levkovitz Y, Alpert JE, Brintz CE, et al. J Affect Disord. 2012;136(3):1174–1178.

E

Improvement of aggressive behavior and quality of life impairment following S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM-e) augmentation in schizophrenia.

Eur Neuropsychopharmacol.2009 Jan;19(1):14-22. doi: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2008.08.004. Epub 2008 Sep 27.
Strous RD1Ritsner MSAdler SRatner YMaayan RKotler MLachman HWeizman A

E

The switch mechanism and the bipolar/unipolar dichotomy.

Carney MW, Chary TK, Bottiglieri T, Reynolds EH. Br J Psychiatry J Ment Sci. 1989 Jan;154:48–51.

E

S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine (SAMe) for Depression, Osteoarthritis and Liver Disease.

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; Rockville, MD: Aug, 2002.
Hardy M, Coulter I, Morton SC, et al. 

E

Psychological distress during the puerperium: a novel therapeutic approach using S-adenosylmethionine.

Ther. Res. 1993;53:701–716.
Cerutti R, Sichel MP, Perin M, et al.

E

Role of S-adenosyl-L-methionine in the treatment of depression: a review of the evidence.

Mischoulon D, Fava M. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;76(5):1158S–1161S. [PubMed]

E

S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAMe) as antidepressant: meta-analysis of clinical studies.

Bressa GM. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl. 1994;154:7–14. [PubMed]

E

S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine (SAMe) for Depression, Osteoarthritis and Liver Disease.

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; Rockville, MD: Aug, 2002.
Hardy M, Coulter I, Morton SC, et al. 

E

S-adenosyl methionine (SAMe) augmentation of serotonin reuptake inhibitors for antidepressant nonresponders with major depressive disorder: a double-blind, randomized clinical trial.

Papakostas GI, Mischoulon D, Shyu I, et al. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167(8):942–948. [PubMed]

E

Effects of S-adenosylmethionine augmentation of serotonin-reuptake inhibitor antidepressants on cognitive symptoms of major depressive disorder.

Levkovitz Y, Alpert JE, Brintz CE, et al. J Affect Disord. 2012;136(3):1174–1178. [PubMed]

E

Psychological distress during the puerperium: a novel therapeutic approach using S-adenosylmethionine.

Curr. Ther. Res. 1993;53:701–716.
Cerutti R, Sichel MP, Perin M, et al.

E

S-adenosyl-L-methionine. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential in liver dysfunction and affective disorders in relation to its physiological role in cell metabolism.

Drugs 1989;38(3):389-416. [Abstract]
Friedel HA, Goa KL, Benfield P.  

Vitamin B12:

E

Vitamin B12 and homocysteine metabolism.

Micronutrient information center. Linus Pauling Institute Micronutrient Information Centre, 2003. Viewed 3 April 2017 http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/vitamins/vitaminB12/figure9_1.html

E

Aging Ment. 2016 Sep;20(9):965-73. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2015.1049115. Epub 2015 Jun 8.

E

Folate and B12 serum levels in association with depression in the aged: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

E

B vitamin polymorphisms and behavior: evidence of associations with neurodevelopment, depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and cognitive decline.

Neurosci Biobehav2014 Nov;47:307-20. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.08.006. Epub 2014 Aug 27.
Mitchell ES1Conus N2Kaput J2.

E

Arch Gen Psychiatry.2003 Jun;60(6):618-26.
Folate, vitamin B12, homocysteine, and the MTHFR 677C – > T polymorphism in anxiety and depression: the Hordaland Homocysteine Study.

Bjelland I1, Tell GS, Vollset SE, Refsum H, Ueland PM.

E

Treatment of depression: time to consider folic acid and vitamin B12.

E

What are the psychiatric manifestations of vitamin B12 deficiency?

J Am Geriatr1988 Dec;36(12):1105-12.
Hector M1Burton JR.

E

Cobalamin deficiency: clinical picture and radiological findings.

2013 Nov 15;5(11):4521-39. doi: 10.3390/nu5114521.
Briani C1Dalla Torre CCitton VManara RPompanin SBinotto GAdami F.

E

[Neuropsychiatric manifestations ushering pernicious anemia].

Encephale.2015 Dec;41(6):550-5. doi: 10.1016/j.encep.2015.07.004. Epub 2015 Sep 4.
Mrabet S1Ellouze F2Ellini S2Mrad MF2.

E

Neurologic, psychiatric, and other medical manifestations of nitrous oxide abuse: A systematic review of the case literature.

Am J Addict.2016 Aug;25(5):358-69. doi: 10.1111/ajad.12372. Epub 2016 Apr 1.
Garakani A1,2,3Jaffe RJ1Savla D4Welch AK1Protin CA5Bryson EO1,6McDowell DM.

E

One month of nitrous oxide abuse causing acute vitamin B 12deficiency with severe neuropsychiatric symptoms.

BMJ Case Rep. 2019 Feb 7;12(2). pii: bcr-2018-228001. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2018-228001.
Lundin MS1,2Cherian J1,2Andrew MN1,2Tikaria R1,2.

E

The Vitamins in Psychosis Study: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of the Effects of Vitamins B12, B6, and Folic Acid on Symptoms and Neurocognition in First-Episode Psychosis.

Biol Psychiatry.2019 Jan 9. pii: S0006-3223(19)30001-0. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.12.018. [Epub ahead of print]
Allott K1McGorry PD1Yuen HP1Firth J2Proffitt TM3Berger G4Maruff P5O’Regan MK1Papas A1Stephens TCB1O’Donnell CP6

E

Vitamin B12, folic acid, homocysteine and vitamin D levels in children and adolescents with obsessive compulsive disorder.

Psychiatry Res.2017 Aug;254:232-237. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.032. Epub 2017 Apr 21.
Esnafoğlu E1Yaman E2.

E

Vitamin B12, folate, and homocysteine levels in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat.2014 Sep 9;10:1671-5. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S67668. eCollection 2014.
Türksoy N1Bilici R2Yalçıner A3Ozdemir2Ornek I4Tufan AE5Kara A6.

E

Vitamin B12 deficiency: an important reversible co-morbidity in neuropsychiatric manifestations.

Indian J Psychol Med.2015 Jan-Mar;37(1):26-9. doi: 10.4103/0253-7176.150809.
Issac TG1Soundarya S1Christopher R2Chandra SR3.

E

Neuropsychiatric and neurological problems among Vitamin B12 deficient young vegetarians.

Neurosciences (Riyadh).2017 Jul;22(3):228-232. doi: 10.17712/nsj.2017.3.20160445.
Kapoor A1Baig MTunio SAMemon ASKarmani H.

Homocysteine:

E

Homocysteine excess: delineating the possible mechanism of neurotoxicity and depression.

Fundam Clin Pharmacol.2015 Dec;29(6):522-8. doi: 10.1111/fcp.12145. Epub 2015 Sep 17.
Bhatia P1Singh N2.

E

Homocysteine excess: delineating the possible mechanism of neurotoxicity and depression.

E

Treatment of depression: time to consider folic acid and vitamin B12.

E

Hyperhomocysteinemia in bipolar depression: clinical and biochemical correlates.

Neuropsychobiology.2013;68(4):193-6. doi: 10.1159/000355292. Epub 2013 Nov 1.
Permoda-Osip A1Dorszewska JSkibinska MChlopocka-Wozniak MRybakowski JK.

E

Effect of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene polymorphisms on homocysteine, folate and vitamin B12 in patients with bipolar disorder and relatives.

Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry.2008 Jul 1;32(5):1331-7. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2008.04.016. Epub 2008 May 2.
Ozbek Z1Kucukali CIOzkok EOrhan NAydin MKilic GSazci AKara I.

E

[Hyperhomocysteinemia and schizophrenia: case control study].

Encephale.2011 Sep;37(4):308-13. doi: 10.1016/j.encep.2010.12.004. Epub 2011 Feb 26.
Mabrouk H1Douki WMechri AYounes MKOmezzine ABouslama AGaha LNajjar MF.

E

Plasma total homocysteine is associated with DNA methylation in patients with schizophrenia.

2013 Jun;8(6):584-90. doi: 10.4161/epi.24621. Epub 2013 Apr 26.
Kinoshita M1Numata STajima AShimodera SImoto IOhmori T.

E

Fundamental Role of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase 677 C → T Genotype and Flavin Compounds in Biochemical Phenotypes for Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Psychosis.

Front Psychiatry.2016 Nov 9;7:172. eCollection 2016.
Fryar-Williams S1.

E

Serum folate and homocysteine levels in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

E

Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis in obsessive-compulsive disorder patients.

Sci Rep.2016 Aug 16;6:31333. doi: 10.1038/srep31333.
Yue W1,2Cheng W1,2Liu Z1,2Tang Y1,2,3Lu T1,2Zhang D1,2,4Tang M5Huang Y1,2.

E

Blood homocysteine concentration and mood disorders with mixed features among patients with alcohol use disorder.

BMC Psychiatry. 2017 May 12;17(1):181. doi: 10.1186/s12888-017-1342-y.
Oliva F1Coppola M2Mondola R3Ascheri D4Cuniberti F5Nibbio G4Picci RL4.

E

Prevalence and clinical-demographic correlates of hyperhomocysteinemia in inpatients with bipolar disorder in a Han Chinese population.

Psychiatry Res.2018 Jan;259:364-369. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.08.063. Epub 2017 Aug 24.
Zhou SJ1Zhang LG1Chen HM1Li JY1Li R1Zhang XM1Wang N1Soares JC2Cassidy RM2Zheng Y3Ning Y3Wang SL4Chen JX5Zhang XY6.

E

Pseudodementia in a twenty-one-year-old with bipolar disorder and vitamin B12 and folate deficiency.

West Indian Med J.2000 Dec;49(4):347-8.
Reid SD1.

E

Malignant catatonia in a patient with bipolar disorder, B12 deficiency, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome: one cause or three?

J Psychiatr Pract.2009 Sep;15(5):415-22. doi: 10.1097/01.pra.0000361282.95962.9f.
Lewis AL1Pelic CKahn DA.

E

Hyperhomocysteinemia in bipolar depression: clinical and biochemical correlates.

Neuropsychobiology.2013;68(4):193-6. doi: 10.1159/000355292. Epub 2013 Nov 1.
Permoda-Osip A1Dorszewska JSkibinska MChlopocka-Wozniak MRybakowski JK.

E

[Homocysteine and cognitive functions in bipolar depression].

Psychiatr2014 Nov-Dec;48(6):1117-26. doi: 10.12740/PP/31394.
Permoda-Osip A1Kisielewski J1Dorszewska J2Rybakowski J1.

Iodine:

E

Iodine deficiency, more than cretinism and goiter.

Med Hypotheses.2008 Nov;71(5):645-8. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2008.06.020. Epub 2008 Aug 13.
Verheesen RH1Schweitzer CM.

E

Iodine deficiency in pregnancy: the effect on neurodevelopment in the child.

2011 Feb;3(2):265-73. doi: 10.3390/nu3020265. Epub 2011 Feb 18.
Skeaff SA1.

E

[Mental development disorders and attention-deficit syndrome caused by iodine deficiency: a clinical and epidemiological study].

E

Iodine deficiency impairs intellectual and neuromotor development in apparently-normal persons. A study of rural inhabitants of north-central China.

Med J Aust.1989 Jun 19;150(12):676-82.
Boyages SC1Collins JKMaberly GFJupp JJMorris JEastman CJ.

E

Language delay and poorer school performance in children of mothers with inadequate iodine intake in pregnancy: results from follow-up at 8 years in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study.

ur J Nutr.2018 Nov 12. doi: 10.1007/s00394-018-1850-7. [Epub ahead of print]
Abel MH1,2,3Brandlistuen RE4Caspersen IH1Aase H4Torheim LE2Meltzer HM1Brantsaeter AL5.

E

Suboptimal Maternal Iodine Intake Is Associated with Impaired Child Neurodevelopment at 3 Years of Age in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study.

J Nutr.2017 Jul;147(7):1314-1324. doi: 10.3945/jn.117.250456. Epub 2017 May 17.
Abel MH1,2,3Caspersen IH2Meltzer HM2Haugen M2Brandlistuen RE4Aase H4Alexander J2Torheim LE3Brantsæter AL5.

E

Maternal Iodine Intake and Offspring Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Results from a Large Prospective Cohort Study.

2017 Nov 13;9(11). pii: E1239. doi: 10.3390/nu9111239.
Abel MH1,2,3Ystrom E4,5,6Caspersen IH7Meltzer HM8Aase H9Torheim LE10Askeland RB11Reichborn-Kjennerud T12,13Brantsæter AL14.

E

Iodine status, and knowledge about iodine deficiency disorders in adolescent school girls aged 14-19 years, 2016.

Health Promot Perspect.2019 Jan 23;9(1):77-84. doi: 10.15171/hpp.2019.10. eCollection 2019.
Heidari Z1Arefhosseini SR2Hedayati M3Vaghef-Mehrabany E1Ebrahimi-Mameghani M4.

E

[Mental status of patients with iodine-deficiency goiter].

Selenium:

E

Importance of selenium and selenoprotein for brain function: From antioxidant protection to neuronal signalling.

J Inorg Biochem.2015 Dec;153:1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.09.003. Epub 2015 Sep 15.
Solovyev ND1.

E

Association of total zinc, iron, copper and selenium intakes with depression in the US adults.

J Affect Disord.2018 Mar 1;228:68-74. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.12.004. Epub 2017 Dec 6.
Li Z1Wang W1Xin X1Song X1Zhang D2.

E

Zinc, Magnesium, Selenium and Depression: A Review of the Evidence, Potential Mechanisms and Implications.

2018 May 9;10(5). pii: E584. doi: 10.3390/nu10050584.
Wang J1Um P2Dickerman BA3Liu J4.

E

The effects of probiotic and selenium co-supplementation on parameters of mental health, hormonal profiles, and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

J Ovarian Res.2018 Sep 14;11(1):80. doi: 10.1186/s13048-018-0457-1.
Jamilian M1Mansury S1Bahmani F2Heidar Z3Amirani E2Asemi Z4.

E

Association of Elements with Schizophrenia and Intervention of Selenium Supplements.

Biol Trace Elem Res.2018 May;183(1):16-21. doi: 10.1007/s12011-017-1105-0. Epub 2017 Aug 15.
Li Z1Liu Y1Li X1Ju W1Wu G1Yang X1Fu X1Gao X2.

E

Serum trace element differences between Schizophrenia patients and controls in the Han Chinese population.

Sci Rep.2015 Oct 12;5:15013. doi: 10.1038/srep15013.
Cai L1Chen T2Yang J1,3Zhou K4Yan X5Chen W6Sun L1Li L1Qin S1Wang P7Yang P7Cui D1,8Burmeister M1,9He L1Jia W2,10Wan C1.

E

Comparative Study on Serum Levels of 10 Trace Elements in Schizophrenia.

PLoS2015 Jul 17;10(7):e0133622. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133622. eCollection 2015.
Liu T1Lu QB2Yan L2Guo J3Feng F3Qiu J3Wang J2.

E

SELENBP1 expression in the prefrontal cortex of subjects with schizophrenia.

Transl2015 Aug 4;5:e615. doi: 10.1038/tp.2015.108.
Udawela M1Money TT2Neo J3Seo MS4Scarr E3Dean B3Everall IP2.

E

Downregulation of plasma SELENBP1 protein in patients with recent-onset schizophrenia.

Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry.2018 Jul 13;85:1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.03.010. Epub 2018 Mar 22.
Chau EJ1Mostaid MS2Cropley V1McGorry P3Pantelis C4Bousman CA5Everall IP6.

Manganese:

E

Dentine biomarkers of prenatal and early childhood exposure to manganese, zinc and lead and childhood behavior.

Environ Int.2018 Dec;121(Pt 1):148-158. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.045. Epub 2018 Sep 8.
Horton MK1Hsu L1Claus Henn B2Margolis A3Austin C1Svensson K1Schnaas L4Gennings C1Hu H5Wright R1Rojo MMT6Arora M1.

E

Prenatal co-exposure to manganese and depression and 24-months neurodevelopment.

2018 Jan;64:134-141. doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2017.07.007. Epub 2017 Jul 17.
Muñoz-Rocha TV1Tamayo Y Ortiz M2Romero M3Pantic I4Schnaas L5Bellinger D6Claus-Henn B7Wright R8Wright RO9Téllez-Rojo MM10.

E

Environmental exposure to metals, neurodevelopment, and psychosis.

Curr Opin Pediatr.2016 Apr;28(2):243-9. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000332.
Modabbernia A1Arora MReichenberg A.
Schizophr 2017 Oct 21;43(6):1153-1157. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbx112.

E

New Research Strategy for Measuring Pre- and Postnatal Metal Dysregulation in Psychotic Disorders.

Velthorst E1,2Smith L1Bello G3Austin C3Gennings C3Modabbernia A1Franke N4Frangou S1Wright R3de Haan L4Reichenberg A1,2Arora M3.
Eur Psychiatry.2016 Aug;36:1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.03.006. Epub 2016 Jun 14.

E

Early-life metal exposure and schizophrenia: A proof-of-concept study using novel tooth-matrix biomarkers.

Modabbernia A1Velthorst E2Gennings C3De Haan L4Austin C3Sutterland A4Mollon J5Frangou S6Wright R3Arora M3Reichenberg A7.
J Affect Disord.2017 Mar 15;211:124-129. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.016. Epub 2017 Jan 15.

E

Manganese intake is inversely associated with depressive symptoms during pregnancy in Japan: Baseline data from the Kyushu Okinawa Maternal and Child Health Study.

E

Association of hair manganese level with symptoms in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Psychiatry Investig.2015 Jan;12(1):66-72. doi: 10.4306/pi.2015.12.1.66. Epub 2015 Jan 12.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Jan 7. doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-04066-1. [Epub ahead of print]

E

Butyrylcholinesterase-a potential plasma biomarker in manganese-induced neurobehavioral changes.

E

Comparison of serum essential trace metals between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls.

J Trace Elem Med Biol.2019 Jan;51:79-85. doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.10.009. Epub 2018 Oct 5.
Cao B1Yan L2Ma J1Jin M3Park C4Nozari Y4Kazmierczak OP4Zuckerman H4Lee Y4Pan Z4Brietzke E4McIntyre RS5Lui LMW4Li N6Wang J7.

E

Clinical symptoms and cognitive impairment associated with male schizophrenia relate to plasma manganese superoxide dismutase activity: a case-control study.

J Psychiatr2013 Aug;47(8):1049-53. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.03.014. Epub 2013 Apr 20.
Zhang XY1Chen DCXiu MHTan YLYang FDZhang LYZhang LYHaile CNKosten TR.

E

Cognition impairment in schizophrenia patients with tardive dyskinesia: association with plasma superoxide dismutase activity.

Schizophr2014 Jan;152(1):210-6. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2013.11.010. Epub 2013 Dec 8.
Wu JQ1Chen DC2Tan YL2Tan SP2Wang ZR2Xiu MH2Yang FD2Zhang XY3.

E

Association of altered CuZn superoxide dismutase and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia patients with tardive dyskinesia.

J Psychiatr2014 Nov;58:167-74. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.07.028. Epub 2014 Aug 8.
Wu JQ1Chen DC2Tan YL2Tan S2Wang Z2Yang F2Soares JC3Zhang XY4.

E

Genetic variants in nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins are associated with oxidative stress in obsessive compulsive disorders.

J Psychiatr2012 Feb;46(2):212-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.09.012. Epub 2011 Nov 8.
Orhan N1Kucukali CICakir USeker NAydin M.

E

Meta-Analyses of Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Activity, Gene Ala-9Val Polymorphism, and the Risk of Schizophrenia.

Medicine (Baltimore).2015 Sep;94(36):e1507. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000001507.
Wang DF1Cao BXu MYLiu YQYan LLLiu RWang JYLu QB.

E

Glyphosate, pathways to modern diseases III: Manganese, neurological diseases, and associated pathologies.

Surg Neurol Int.2015 Mar 24;6:45. doi: 10.4103/2152-7806.153876. eCollection 2015.
Samsel A1Seneff S2.