References

Bio Balance Health trains doctors in assessing mental health symptoms and treatment response using biomarkers. This significantly improves the capabilities of current psychiatric care.

The use of conventional pathology tests is not common in the management of mental health. Yet, a very simple search shows there is extensive research between mental health and essential nutrients. Investigation of the need for these essential nutrients is not common practice in treatment of mental health symptoms.

Bio Balance Health has been actively involved in supporting and funding the following research projects:

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Pyrroles as a Potential Biomarker for Oxidative Stress Disorders

by Brett Lambert, Annalese Semmler, Cristina Beer and Joanne Voisey
https://bit.ly/IJMS-PyrrolesOxidativeStressBiomarker

Dr Fryar-Williams’ work has developed an above 90% statistical probability of diagnosis of certain schizophrenic conditions by using a combination of biomarkers.

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Biomarkers of a five-domain translational substrate for schizophrenia and schizoaffective psychosis

Fryar-Williams S, Strobel JE.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4342893/

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Biomarker Case-Detection and Prediction with Potential for Functional Psychosis Screening: Development and Validation of a Model Related to Biochemistry, Sensory Neural Timing and End Organ Performance.

Fryar-Williams S, Strobel JE.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27148083

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Fundamental Role of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase 677 C → T Genotype and Flavin Compounds in Biochemical Phenotypes for Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Psychosis

Fryar-Williams S, Strobel JE.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27148083

This study demonstrated that Micronutrients can reduce violent behaviour:
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Micronutrient Therapy for Violent Aggressive Male Youth

Jessica L. Hambly, MPharm (Hons),1 Kelly Francis, MBBS, FRACGP,2 Sohil Khan, PhD,1,3
Kristen S. Gibbons, PhD, AStat,3 William J. Walsh, PhD,4 Brett Lambert, MAppSc,5
Chris Testa, BPharm, BBus,6 and Alison Haywood, PhD1,3
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28481642

Epigenetic modifications may play a major role in schizophrenia pathophysiology:
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Brain-specific epigenetic markers of schizophrenia

VLJ Whitehall, RM Young, J Voisey
https://www.nature.com/articles/tp2015177

The study demonstrated that patients who followed the program had an average of 2 days hospitalisation compared to 22 days for those who did not follow the program:
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The Effectiveness of Targeted Nutrient Therapy in Treatment of Mental Illness

Richard Stuckey, MB.BS., DRCOG; William Walsh, PhD; Brett Lambert
https://www.biobalance.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Effectiveness-of-Targeted-Nutrient-Therapy-1.pdf
The following list of research studies is a glimpse into some of the research exploring the relationship between mental health and nutrients:
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Database Analysis of Depression and Anxiety in a Community Sample—Response to a Micronutrient Intervention

Samantha M. Kimball, Naghmeh Mirhosseini, and Julia Rucklidge
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5852728/

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The effects of vitamin and mineral supplementation on symptoms of schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Psychol Med.2017 Jul;47(9):1515-1527. doi: 10.1017/S0033291717000022. Epub 2017 Feb 16.
Firth J1, Stubbs B2, Sarris J3, Rosenbaum S4, Teasdale S5, Berk M6, Yung AR1.

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Diet and Psychosis: A Scoping Review.

Neuropsychobiology.2018 Oct 25:1-23. doi: 10.1159/000493399. [Epub ahead of print]
Aucoin M1, LaChance L2,3, Cooley K1,4, Kidd S2

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Alterations of serum macro-minerals and trace elements are associated with major depressive disorder: a case-control study.

BMC Psychiatry.2018 Apr 10;18(1):94. doi: 10.1186/s12888-018-1685-z.
Islam MR1, Islam MR2, Shalahuddin Qusar MMA3, Islam MS4, Kabir MH5, Mustafizur Rahman GKM5, Islam MS2, Hasnat A2.

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Association between Lower Intake of Minerals and Depressive Symptoms among Elderly Japanese Women but Not Men: Findings from Shika Study.

Nutrients. 2019 Feb 13;11(2). pii: E389. doi: 10.3390/nu11020389.
Thi Thu Nguyen T1, Miyagi S2, Tsujiguchi H3, Kambayashi Y4, Hara A5, Nakamura H6, Suzuki K7, Yamada Y8, Shimizu Y9, Nakamura H10.

This history of research in South Australia documents how Australian soils lack nutrients and how scientists discovered what to do to recover health of sheep and crops.

The analogy to human health should be clear yet the medical world dismisses these issues in mental health. The link to this paper is here to provide information for all.

Trace Element disorders in South Australian Agriculture

https://www.pir.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/49619/Trace_Element_disorders_in_SA.pdf

Zinc:

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Zinc in CNS: From Molecules to Behaviour. “Biofactors” 2012 Mar 31

Covered role of zinc in transcription factors, gene regulation, transporters, neurogenesis, neurotransmission, AD, Depression, Stroke, Epilepsy. This paper alone had 81 references

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Zinc supplementation in Major Depression: A RCT. Iran J Psychiatry. 2013 June 8, 73—79

SSRI plus zinc is more effective than SSRI plus placebo in treating depression. This paper alone had 26 reference articles

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Zinc in Depression, A Meta-Analysis: Biological Psychiatry: 2013, Dec15, pp872—878

Considered 17 studies in 1643 patients
Concluded:

    • Zinc concentrations 1.85micm/l lower in depressed patients.
    • The lower the zinc concentration the more severe the depression.
    • Low zinc levels are a marker of treatment resistant depression.
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Do the Micronutrients Zinc and Magnesium Play a Role in Adult Depression?

Top Clin Nutr.2011 Jul-Sep;26(3):257-267. doi: 10.1097/TIN.0b013e3182260d86.
Dickerman B1, Liu J1

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Antidepressant activity of zinc and magnesium in view of the current hypotheses of antidepressant action.

Pharmacol2008 Sep-Oct;60(5):588-9.
Szewczyk B1, Poleszak E, Sowa-Kućma M, Siwek M, Dudek D, Ryszewska-Pokraśniewicz B, Radziwoń-Zaleska M, Opoka W, Czekaj J, Pilc A, Nowak G.

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The role of magnesium and zinc in depression: similarities and differences.

Magnes2018 Aug 1;31(3):78-89. doi: 10.1684/mrh.2018.0442.
Szewczyk B1, Szopa A2, Serefko A2, Poleszak E2, Nowak G3.

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Do the Micronutrients Zinc and Magnesium Play a Role in Adult Depression?

Top Clin Nutr.2011 Jul-Sep;26(3):257-267. doi: 10.1097/TIN.0b013e3182260d86.
Dickerman B1, Liu J1.

Magnesium:

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Association between magnesium intake and depression: Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry: Volume 43, 2009

5708 patients. “There is an inverse statistically significant association between dietary magnesium intake and depression score”
There seemed to be a similar association with anxiety but not statistically significant.

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Magnesium and depression: A Systematic Review. Nutritional Neuroscience, Vol 16, 2013.

21 cross sectional studies, 3 interventional studies, one prospective trial.
“A higher dietary intake of magnesium is associated with lower depression symptoms.”

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Magnesium and depression.

Magnes2016 Mar 1;29(3):112-119.
Serefko A1, Szopa A1, Poleszak E1.

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Do the Micronutrients Zinc and Magnesium Play a Role in Adult Depression?

Mg-Intro..NMDA.. Top Clin Nutr.2011 Jul-Sep;26(3):257-267. doi: 10.1097/TIN.0b013e3182260d86.
Dickerman B1, Liu J1

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The Role of Magnesium in Neurological Disorders.

2018 Jun 6;10(6). pii: E730. doi: 10.3390/nu10060730.
Kirkland AE1, Sarlo GL2, Holton KF3,4.

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Ketamine and magnesium common pathway of antidepressant action.

Magnes2018 May 1;31(2):33-38. doi: 10.1684/mrh.2018.0440.
Górska N1, Cubała WJ1, Słupski J1, Gałuszko-Węgielnik M1.

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Magnesium in addiction - a general view.

Magnes2018 Aug 1;31(3):90-98. doi: 10.1684/mrh.2018.0443.
Nechifor M1.

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Dietary magnesium deficiency alters gut microbiota and leads to depressive-like behaviour.

Acta Neuropsychiatr.2015 Jun;27(3):168-76. doi: 10.1017/neu.2015.7. Epub 2015 Feb 18.
Winther G1, Pyndt Jørgensen BM2, Elfving B1, Nielsen DS3, Kihl P2, Lund S4, Sørensen DB2, Wegener G1.

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AR-A014418, a selective GSK-3 inhibitor, produces antidepressant-like effects in the forced swim test.

Int J Neuropsychopharmacol, 2004, 7, 387–390.
Gould TD, Einat H, Bhat R, Manji HK

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Rapid antidepressive-like activity of specific glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitor and its effect on beta-catenin in mouse hippocampus.

Biol Psychiatry, 2004, 55, 781–784.
Kajdanovich-Beilin O, Milman A, Weizman A, Pick CG, Eldar-Finkelman H

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Antidepressant activity of zinc and magnesium in view of the current hypotheses of antidepressant action

Bernadeta Szewczyk1,*, Ewa Poleszak3,*, Magdalena Sowa-Kuæma1, Marcin Siwek4, Dominika Dudek4, Beata Ryszewska-Pokraœniewicz5, Maria Radziwoñ-Zaleska5, W³odzimierz Opoka7, Janusz Czekaj6, Andrzej Pilc1,6, Gabriel Nowak1,2 Pharmacological Reports 2008, 60, 588–599 ISSN 1734-1140

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Dietary magnesium intake and risk of depression.

J Affect Disord.2019 Mar 1;246:627-632. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.114. Epub 2018 Dec 27.
Sun C1, Wang R2, Li Z1, Zhang D3.

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Role of magnesium supplementation in the treatment of depression: A randomized clinical trial.

PLoS2017 Jun 27;12(6):e0180067. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180067. eCollection 2017.
Tarleton EK1, Littenberg B1,2, MacLean CD1,2, Kennedy AG1,2, Daley C3.

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The Effects of Magnesium Supplementation on Subjective Anxiety and Stress-A Systematic Review.

2017 Apr 26;9(5). pii: E429. doi: 10.3390/nu9050429.
Boyle NB1, Lawton C2, Dye L3.

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The effects of magnesium supplementation on subjective anxiety.

Magnes2016 Mar 1;29(3):120-125.
Boyle NB1, Lawton CL1, Dye L1.

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Complementary and Alternative Medicine Treatments for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Adv Ther.2018 Mar;35(3):261-288. doi: 10.1007/s12325-018-0680-6. Epub 2018 Mar 5.
Barić H1, Đorđević V2, Cerovečki I3, Trkulja V4.

Folic Acid:

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Enhancement of antidepressant action of fluoxetine by folic acid: a randomised placebo control trial.

Journal od Affective Disorders, Nov 2000, pp121—130

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Treatment of depression: time to consider folic acid and B12.

Journal of Psychopharmacology, Jan 1 2005
“There is now evidence of a common decrease in folic acid and B12, an increase homocysteine and polymorphism of MTHFR C677T being overrepresented in depressive patients”

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Enhancement of recovery from mental illness with L-methylfolate supplementation.

Perspective Psychiatric Care: 2018 April 54[2], pp331—334

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Folate in unipolar depressive illness, a systematic review and meta-analysis.

J Psychopharmacology: 2018. April:32 [4] pp377—384

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Folate in depression: efficacy, safety, differences in formulations, and clinical issues.

J Clin Psychiatry 2009;70 Suppl 5:12-17. [Full text]
Fava M, Mischoulon D. 

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The role of folic acid in the prevention and treatment of depression: An overview of existing evidence and implications for practice

Chrystalleni Lazarou a,*, Margarita Kapsou b
a Harokopio University, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Athens, Greece
b University of Cyprus, Department of Psychology, Nicosia, Cyprus
 
Article in Complementary therapies in clinical practice · August 2010
DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2010.01.003 · Source: PubMed

Pyridoxine:

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Pyridoxine and the premenstrual syndrome: a randomised crossover trial.

British Journal of General Practice. 1989: 39[326] 364—368
Conclusion: There was a statistically significant benefit in depression, irritability and tiredness in the treated group.

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Antidepressive effect of pyridoxine in neuroleptic treated schizophrenic patients with co-morbid depression

Harefuah [Israel] May 2001: 140 [5]; 369—373.
Conclusion: A subgroup of schizophrenic patients with co-morbid depression may benefit from pyridoxine added to their anti-psychotic treatment

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B Complex Vitamin Patterns in Geriatric and Young Adult In patients with Major Depression.

Journal of American Geriatrics Society: March 1991: Vol 39 issue 3
Conclusion: A poorer status of B Vitamins is present in major depression.

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Direct and Functional Biomarkers of Vitamin B6 Status

Per Magne Ueland,1 Arve Ulvik,2 Luisa Rios-Avila,3 Øivind Midttun,2 and Jesse F. Gregory, III3
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25974692

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Peripheral neuropathy with hypervitaminosis B6 caused by self-medication

Rev Med Interne. 2019 Nov 30. pii: S0248-8663(19)31146-4. doi: 10.1016/j.revmed.2019.11.003. [Epub ahead of print] [Article in French]
Malet L1, Dayot L2, Moussy M3, de la Gastine B2, Goutelle S4.

Vitamin D:

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Vitamin D in schizophrenia: a clinical review.

Evid Based Ment Health. 2016 Feb;19(1):6-9. doi: 10.1136/eb-2015-102117. Epub 2016 Jan 14.
Chiang M1, Natarajan R1, Fan X2.

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Vitamin D and depression.

J Affect Disord.2017 Jan 15;208:56-61. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.082. Epub 2016 Oct 11.
Parker GB1, Brotchie H2, Graham RK2

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Efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in major depression: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

J Postgrad Med.2018 Jun 21. doi: 10.4103/jpgm.JPGM_571_17. [Epub ahead of print]

Vellekkatt F1, Menon V1

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Vitamin D is a potential antidepressant in psychiatric outpatients.

Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther.2018 Dec;56(12):585-596. doi: 10.5414/CP203309.
Abdul-Razzak KK, Almanasrah SO, Obeidat BA, Khasawneh AG

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Adjunctive Nutraceuticals for Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses.

Am J Psychiatry.2016 Jun 1;173(6):575-87. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.15091228. Epub 2016 Apr 26.
Sarris J1, Murphy J1, Mischoulon D1, Papakostas GI1, Fava M1, Berk M1, Ng CH1

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Association of antepartum vitamin D deficiency with postpartum depression: a clinical perspective.

Public Health Nutr.2019 Jan 18:1-6. doi: 10.1017/S136898001800366X. [Epub ahead of print]
Szpunar MJ1

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Non-cardiac Chest Pain and Anxiety: A Possible Link to Vitamin D and Calcium.

J Clin Psychol Med Settings.2018 Aug 27. doi: 10.1007/s10880-018-9579-2. [Epub ahead of print]
Alkhatatbeh MJ1, Abdul-Razzak KK2, Amara NA2, Al-Jarrah M3.

E

Vitamin D in anxiety and affective disorders.

Physiol2015;64 Suppl 2:S101-3.
Bičíková M1, Dušková M, Vítků J, Kalvachová B, Řípová D, Mohr P, Stárka L.

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Database Analysis of Depression and Anxiety in a Community Sample-Response to a Micronutrient Intervention.

2018 Jan 30;10(2). pii: E152. doi: 10.3390/nu10020152.
Kimball SM1,2, Mirhosseini N3, Rucklidge J4

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Vitamin D and probiotic co-supplementation affects mental health, hormonal, inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

J Ovarian Res.2019 Jan 21;12(1):5. doi: 10.1186/s13048-019-0480-x.
Ostadmohammadi V1, Jamilian M2, Bahmani F1, Asemi Z3

E

Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Adult Outpatients With Bipolar Disorder or Schizophrenia.

J Clin Psychopharmacol.2016 Dec;36(6):588-592.
Boerman R1, Cohen D, Schulte PF, Nugter A.

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Vitamin D and the omega-3 fatty acids control serotonin synthesis and action, part 2: relevance for ADHD, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and impulsive behavior.

FASEB J.2015 Jun;29(6):2207-22. doi: 10.1096/fj.14-268342. Epub 2015 Feb 24.
Patrick RP1, Ames BN1

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Hypovitaminosis D is associated with depression and anxiety in schizophrenia: Results from the national FACE-SZ cohort.

Psychiatry Res.2018 Dec;270:104-110. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.09.024. Epub 2018 Sep 13.
Fond G1, Godin O2, Schürhoff F et al

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Vitamin D Supplementation in Chronic Schizophrenia Patients Treated with Clozapine: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial.

EBioMedicine.2017 Dec;26:138-145. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.11.027. Epub 2017 Dec 2.
Krivoy A1, Onn R2, Vilner Y3, et al

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Hypovitaminosis D is associated with negative symptoms, suicide risk, agoraphobia, impaired functional remission, and antidepressant consumption in schizophrenia.

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci.2018 Aug 4. doi: 10.1007/s00406-018-0932-0. [Epub ahead of print]
Fond G1,2,3, Faugere M4,5,6, Faget-Agius C4,5,6,et al

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Hypovitaminosis D is associated with depression and anxiety in schizophrenia: Results from the national FACE-SZ cohort.

Psychiatry Res.2018 Dec;270:104-110. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.09.024. Epub 2018 Sep 13.
Fond G1, Godin O2, Schürhoff F et al

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Vitamin D Supplementation in Chronic Schizophrenia Patients Treated with Clozapine: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial.

EBioMedicine.2017 Dec;26:138-145. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.11.027. Epub 2017 Dec 2.
Krivoy A1, Onn R2, Vilner Y3, et al

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Association Between Vitamin D Insufficiency and Metabolic Syndrome in Patients With Psychotic Disorders.

Psychiatry Investig.2018 Apr;15(4):396-401. doi: 10.30773/pi.2017.08.30. Epub 2018 Feb 28.
Yoo T1, Choi W2, Hong JH3, Lee JY1,3,4, Kim JM1, Shin IS1, Yang SJ5, Amminger P6, Berk M6,7, Yoon JS1, Kim SW1,3,4

E

The association between neonatal vitamin D status and risk of schizophrenia.

Sci Rep.2018 Dec 6;8(1):17692. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-35418-z.
Eyles DW1,2, Trzaskowski M3, Vinkhuyzen AAE3, et al

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Vitamin D in schizophrenia: a clinical review.

Evid Based Ment Health. 2016 Feb;19(1):6-9. doi: 10.1136/eb-2015-102117. Epub 2016 Jan 14.
Chiang M1, Natarajan R1, Fan X2.

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Vitamin D levels, brain volume, and genetic architecture in patients with psychosis.

PLoS2018 Aug 24;13(8):e0200250. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200250. eCollection 2018.
Berg AO1,2, Jørgensen KN1,3, Nerhus  M et al

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Vitamin D and clinical symptoms in First Episode Psychosis (FEP): A prospective cohort study.

Schizophr2018 Aug 25. pii: S0920-9964(18)30503-6. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.08.011. [Epub ahead of print]
Lally J1, Ajnakina O2, Singh N3, Gardner-Sood P4, Stubbs B5, Stringer D6, Di Forti M7, David AS8, Smith S9, Murray RM10, Howes OD11, Gaughran F12.

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C-Reactive Protein as a Peripheral Biomarker in Schizophrenia. An Updated Systematic Review.

Front Psychiatry.2018 Aug 23;9:392. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00392. eCollection 2018.
Fond G1, Lançon C1, Auquier P1, Boyer L1

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Upregulation of vitamin D-related genes in schizophrenic patients.

Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat.2018 Oct 9;14:2583-2591. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S176301. eCollection 2018.
Asadzadeh Manjili F1, Kalantar SM2, Arsang-Jang S3, Ghafouri-Fard S4, Taheri M4,5, Sayad A4

E

Inflammatory biomarkers in psychosis and clinical high risk populations.

Schizophr Res. 2018 Nov 8. pii: S0920-9964(18)30619-4. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.10.017.

[Epub ahead of print]
Delaney S1, Fallon B2, Alaedini A3, Yolken R4, Indart A3, Feng T5, Wang Y5, Javitt D2.

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The Role of Vitamin D in Brain Health: A Mini Literature Review.

Cureus.2018 Jul 10;10(7):e2960. doi: 10.7759/cureus.2960.
Anjum I1, Jaffery SS2, Fayyaz M3, Samoo Z4, Anjum S5

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Vitamin D, Folate and the Intracranial Volume in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder and Healthy Controls.

Sci Rep.2018 Jul 17;8(1):10817. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-29141-y.
Gurholt TP1,2, Osnes K3, Nerhus M4,5, Jørgensen KN4,3, Lonning V4,3, Berg AO4,6, Andreassen OA4,6, Melle I4,6, Agartz I4,3,7

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Bipolar disorder in youth is associated with increased levels of vitamin D-binding protein.

Transl2018 Mar 13;8(1):61. doi: 10.1038/s41398-018-0109-7.
Petrov B1, Aldoori A1, James C2, Yang K1,3, Algorta GP4, Lee A1, Zhang L2, Lin T5, Awadhi RA6, Parquette JR5, Samogyi A2, Arnold LE7, Fristad MA7, Gracious B7,8, Ziouzenkova O9

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Exploring the relationship between vitamin D and mania: correlations between serum vitamin D levels and disease activity.

Nord J Psychiatry.2018 Apr;72(3):221-225. doi: 10.1080/08039488.2018.1424238. Epub 2018 Jan 7.
Altunsoy N1, Yüksel RN1, Cingi Yirun M1, Kılıçarslan A2, Aydemir Ç1.

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Vitamin D3 Supplemental Treatment for Mania in Youth with Bipolar Spectrum Disorders.

J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol.2015 Jun;25(5):415-24. doi: 10.1089/cap.2014.0110.
Sikoglu EM1,2,3, Navarro AA1,2,3,4, Starr D2,3, et al

E

Micronutrient intake adequacy and depression risk in the SUN cohort study.

Eur J Nutr.2018 Oct;57(7):2409-2419. doi: 10.1007/s00394-017-1514-z. Epub 2017 Sep 4.
Sánchez-Villegas A1,2, Pérez-Cornago A3, Zazpe I4,5, Santiago S5, Lahortiga F6, Martínez-González MA4,7,8.

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Association between Serum Vitamin Levels and Depression in U.S. Adults 20 Years or Older Based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005⁻2006.

Int J Environ Res Public Health.2018 Jun 9;15(6). pii: E1215. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15061215.
Huang X1,2, Fan Y3,4, Han X5,6, Huang Z7,8, Yu M9,10, Zhang Y11,12, Xu Q13,14, Li X15,16, Wang X17,18, Lu C19,20, Xia Y21,22

E

Are plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and retinol levels and one-carbon metabolism related to metabolic syndrome in patients with a severe mental disorder?

Psychiatry Res.2019 Jan 3;273:22-29. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.01.005. [Epub ahead of print]
Arranz B1, Sanchez-Autet M2, San L3, Safont G4, Fuente-Tomás L5, Hernandez C6, Bogas JL6, García-Portilla MP5.

SAMe:

E

Ethanol lowers glutathione in rat liver and brain and inhibits methionine synthase in a cobalamin-dependent manner.

ALCOHOLISM, CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH; Waly,MI; 35(2):277-283 (2011)].

E

Role of S-adenosyl-L-methionine in the treatment of depression: a review of the evidence.

Am J Clin Nutr.2002 Nov;76(5):1158S-61S.
Mischoulon D1, Fava M

E

Excessive S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine-Dependent Methylation Increases Levels of Methanol, Formaldehyde and Formic Acid in Rat Brain Striatal Homogenates: Possible role in S-adenosyl-L-methionine-induced Parkinson’s disease-like disorders.

[LIFE SCIENCES; Lee,E; 83(25-26):821-827 (2008)].

E

Effects of chronic administration of S-adenosyl-L-methionine on brain oxidative stress in rats.

[NAUNYN-SCHMIEDENBERG’S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY; De La Cruz,JP; 361(1):47-52 (2000)].

E

Effect of S-adenosyl-L-methionine on rat brain oxidative stress damage in a combined model of permanent focal ischemia and global ischemia-reperfusion.

[BRAIN RESEARCH; Villalobos,MA; 883(1):31-40 (2000)].

E

Role of S-adenosyl-L-methionine in the treatment of depression: a review of the evidence.

Mischoulon D, Fava M. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;76(5):1158S–1161S.

E

Folates and S-adenosylmethionine for major depressive disorder.

Papakostas GI, Cassiello CF, Iovieno N. Can J Psychiatry. 2012 Jul;57(7):406–13.

E

Evidence for S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM-e) for the treatment of major depressive disorder.

J Clin Psychiatry.2009;70 Suppl 5:18-22. doi: 10.4088/JCP.8157su1c.04.
Papakostas GI1

E

Folate in depression: efficacy, safety, differences in formulations, and clinical issues.

Fava M, Mischoulon D. J Clin Psychiatry 2009;70 Suppl 5:12-17. 

E

Homocysteine, folate, methylation, and monoamine metabolism in depression

JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, NEUROSURGERY & PSYCHIATRY; Bottiglieri,T; 69(2):228-232 (2000)].

E

S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAMe) as antidepressant: meta-analysis of clinical studies.

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